Kidney stones:
- containing calcium (65%)
- uric acid (15%)
- phosphate (10%)
- following infection (10%)
- cystine (0,5 - 1%)
Therapy for kidney and ureter stones:
Therapy for stones in kidney and ureter can vary greatly. Uric acid stones can in some cases be dissolved (Lysis therapy by urine alkalisation), whereas calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate stones cannot be dissolved.
Therapy is influenced by the size of the stones, their position, patient discomfort, and accompanying disorders. In 80% of cases, stones which do not exceed 4 mm may be eliminated spontaneously.
Possible therapies include breaking up the stones by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), endoscopic removal of the stones via the ureter ( Ureter orenoscopy) or by incision through the skin of the lower back (percutaneous nephrolithotomy).
Infections:
Pyelonephritis (pyelitis)
Pyonephrose
Tuberculosis
Tumoren:
Benign tumours:
- Angiomyolipom
- Oncocytoma
- Leiomyoma
- Haemangioma
- Cysten
Malignant tumours:
- Adrenal carcinomas and renal pelvis tumours
- (Kidney sarcomas)
- (Wilms-tumor)
